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Villikins and his Dinah
"Villikins and his Dinah" (Laws M31A/B, Roud (271 )) is a stage song which emerged in England in 1853 as a burlesque version of a traditional ballad called "William and Dinah". Its great popularity led to the tune being later adopted for many other songs,〔 "The Villikins melody ... is the most used 'come-all-ye' in Anglo-American balladry."〕 of which the best known today is "Sweet Betsy from Pike".
== Background ==
"Villikins〔Occasionally spelled Vilikins, Vilikens, Willikins, etc.〕 and his Dinah" is based on "William and Dinah", a folk ballad extant from at least the early 19th century〔(At least between 1819 and 1844, and possibly earlier )〕 which was still being sung and collected in the early 20th.〔(A full version collected in Wiltshire in 1906 contains more lines than the broadside ballads dating from eighty years earlier. )〕 The theme of the ballad is the traditional one of lovers parted by parental interference who then commit suicide and are buried in one grave.
"Villikins and his Dinah" was a parody of this. It became a major hit in 1853 when sung by actor Frederick Robson〔Robson, who played the title-role of a London street singer called Jem Baggs, was famous for his ability to blend intense emotion with farcical humour:'He may almost have been said to have brought pathos and drollery into association closer than had ever been witnessed on the stage.' Joseph Knight, ‘Robson , (Thomas) Frederick (1821–1864)’, rev. Paul Ranger, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004〕 at London's Olympic Theatre〔'' The Times'', 23 May 1853, p. 4: ‘ROYAL OLYMPIC THEATRE.- ...With THE WANDERING MINSTREL. Sam Bags (''sic''), with the ballad of “Villikins and his Dinah,” Mr. Robson.’〕 in a revived one-act farce, ''The Wandering Minstrel''.〔By Henry Mayhew, first published in 1834. A Cockney street-singer, Jem Baggs, is mistaken for a nobleman passing himself off as a vagabond for a bet. The farce climaxes with a musical contest between him and a talented gentleman-amateur, which Baggs loses. In post-1853 versions, he loses by singing his version of "Villikins and his Dinah".〕〔Robson had sung ''Villikins'' previously in February 1853 in Dublin, and possibly earlier at the Grecian, London.〕 The comic version follows the traditional ballad closely, but exaggerates its naivety and subverts its pathos by telling the lovers' story in urban slang.
Burlesques of serious works were in great vogue on the London stage at the time and the tragi-comic song became a sensation.〔‘"Vilikins and his Dinah" created a ''furore''. My countrymen are always going mad about something; and Englishmen and Englishwomen all agreed to go crazy about "Vilikins." “Right tooral lol looral” was on every lip.’〕 Its popularity grew the following year when it was adopted by the Anglo-American entertainer Sam Cowell, who took it into a broader range of venues.〔''The Times'', 15 July 1854, p. 9: (From a review of entertainments at the Vauxhall Gardens):'Some songs belonging to the “fast” school were given...by...Messrs. S. Cowell and J. W. Sharp. Among these we remarked a caricature of Mr. Robson’s famous romance, “Willikins and his Dinah,” which, being itself an inimitable caricature, betokened a singular talent for exaggeration on the part of the gentleman who went so very far beyond it. Mr. Sharp’s capital effort was a ballad of conundrums...'〕 From the theatres it made its way to music-halls and saloon bars, and by 1855 it was among the most popular songs of the day, played repeatedly on barrel organs in the streets.〔‘POPULAR AIRS. The hundreds of “weasels” on the barrel organs have “popped” so often that at last, thank goodness, they are popping off one by one. Nearly all the “Villikins” too are quietly laid beside their “Dinahs”..’ Notes and Queries, Vol. 12 (306), 8 September 1855, p.183〕 By then the song had already spread to Australia〔(George Stelth Coppin played in ''The Wandering Minstrel'', 1854 )〕 and North America.〔''New York Times'',13 July 1855: a journalist describes a newsboy making extra profits by selling the song sheet of "Vilikins and his Dinah" alongside his usual papers.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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